|
|
|
|
| BASIC
INDICATORS |
|
|
| Trade
per capita is estimated as an economy's total
trade of goods and commercial services (exports + imports, balance
of payments basis) divided by the population. It is calculated on the basis
of data for the three latest years available. |
|
|
| Trade
to GDP ratio is estimated as an economy's total
trade of goods and commercial services (exports + imports, balance
of payments basis) divided by GDP, on the basis of data for the three latest
years available. GDP is measured in nominal terms and with market exchange
rates. |
|
|
| Real
GDP, exports and imports of goods and services
(national accounts based), refer to data at constant prices or volume figures
based on 2000. |
|
|
| Ranks
in world trade of merchandise and commercial services are defined first
referring to European Union (EU (27)) members as individual traders and
second referring to the EU (27) as one trader (i.e. excluding individual EU
(27) members). |
|
|
| TRADE
POLICY |
|
|
| The Trade Policy Review date indicates the date of the latest
policy review for the economy considered. |
|
|
| The tariff binding coverage corresponds to the number of the Harmonized System (HS)
subheadings containing at least one bound tariff line divided by the
respective total number of HS subheadings of the corresponding version of the
HS nomenclature. |
|
|
| For MFN bound tariffs, the simple average of import duties refers to the simple
average of ad-valorem (AV) and calculable ad-valorem
equivalent (AVE) of final bound HS 6-digit
duties. For MFN applied tariffs it refers to the simple average of AV and calculable AVE of MFN applied HS 6-digit
duties. |
|
|
| The non-AV duties as a percentage of total tariff lines refer to the
share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-AV duties. When only part of the HS six-digit
subheading is subject to non-av duties the percentage share of these tariff
lines is used. |
|
|
| Agricultural goods according to the AOA (WTO Agreement on
Agriculture) definition refer to HS chapters 1 to 24 (excluding fish and fish
products) and a number of manufactured agricultural products (for further
information see "The Legal Texts, The Results of the Uruguay Round of
Multilateral Negotiations", WTO). This definition does not correspond to
the definition of agricultural products presented in the breakdown of
merchandise trade by main commodity group (see below). |
|
|
| Import
duties collected in total tax revenue and import duties collected to total imports (goods and commercial services) are estimated in general on
the basis of data for the three latest years available. |
|
|
| The number of services sectors with GATS
commitments has been established by the WTO
Secretariat on the basis of available information and in the light of the
Services Sectoral Classification List (MTN.GNS/W/120). The total number of sub-sectors is in the
order of 160. In the absence of a GATS
schedule for the EU (27), the total number of services sub-sectors listed in
the statistical profiles of the individual EC-12 members and of the EU (27)
is that of the existing European Communities (EC) schedule. |
|
|
| For EU (27) members the number of notifications
outstanding (NO) refers to the sum of NO of the
EC and of the individual economy. |
|
|
| The number of contingency measures in
force is based on information made available to
relevant committees (annual reports G\L\830, G\L\832 and G\L\840). Please
note that there is no obligation on WTO Members to notify the expiry or
termination of safeguard measures. |
|
|
| For the number of disputes, a dispute is understood to be a proceeding initiated
under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of
Disputes (DSU) and identified by a reference number (WT/DS...). Reports
refer to those adopted by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). For EU
(27) individual members the numbers refer to the EC figures including those
for individual members prior to their accession to the EC. For more
information refer to www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_e.htm. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MERCHANDISE
TRADE (customs-based statistics) |
|
|
| The share in world total exports and imports of merchandise for
individual economies is calculated using world trade including intra-EU (27)
trade. For the EU (27) as one trading reporter the share is calculated on the
basis of world trade excluding intra-EU (27) trade. |
|
|
| Breakdown
by main commodity group according to the ITS
(WTO International Trade Statistics) definitions: Agricultural products refer
to food (SITC Rev. 3 sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22) and raw materials
(SITC Rev. 3 divisions 21, 23, 24, 25 and 26). It differs from the
Agricultural goods AOA definition (see above). Fuels and mining products include
ores and other minerals; fuels and non-ferrous metals. Manufactures refer to iron
and steel, chemicals, other semi-manufactures, machinery and transport
equipment, textiles, clothing and other consumer goods. Please note that due
to the products not classified in the three main product groups, the sum of
shares may not add up to a 100. |
|
|
| Breakdown
by main destination and origin: EU (27) members are grouped as one trading
partner. Shares for unspecified destinations/origins are presented when at
least one of the shares is greater than the share of the fifth main
destination/origin. Re-imports are also included. |
|
|
| COMMERCIAL
SERVICES (balance of payments based statistics) |
|
|
| The share in world total exports and imports of commercial
services for individual economies is calculated using world trade including
intra-EU (27) trade. For the EU (27) as one trading reporter the share is
calculated on the basis of world trade excluding intra-EU (27) trade. |
|
|
| Breakdown
by principal services items: Other commercial
services refer to communication, construction, insurance, financial,
computer, information, other business, and cultural and recreational
services, and royalties and license fees. |
|
|
| INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY |
|
|
| Data
refer to the annual number of patents granted to (including those based on
PCT international applications) and trademark registrations effected
(including designations under the Madrid Agreement or Protocol) in the name
of residents and non-residents of the considered economy. |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Annual
average percentage changes are calculated using a geometric average. EU (27)
refers to the EU members as of January 2007, including EC-12 members
(Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom) and Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovak
Republic, Slovenia and Sweden. The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan,
Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu is referred to as Taipei, Chinese in the tables.
Tables include in general information for the period 2000 - latest available
year. |
|
|
| Symbols and
abbreviations: |
|
|
EU |
European Union |
|
|
| ... |
Not available or
not reported |
GATS |
General Agreement
on Trade in Services |
|
|
| - |
Not applicable |
|
|
GDP |
Gross Domestic
Product |
|
|
| AOA |
WTO Agreement on
Agriculture |
ITS |
WTO International
Trade Statistics |
|
|
| CRN |
Central Registry
of Notifications |
MFN |
Most Favoured
Nation |
|
|
| DSU |
Dispute
Settlement Understanding |
PPP |
Purchasing Power
Parity |
|
|
| EIA |
Economic
Integration Agreement |
RTA |
Regional Trade
Agreement |
|
|
| Sources: |
Eurostat, New Cronos and Comext databases; IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics and Government Finance
Statistics; UNCTAD, TRAINS |
|
|
|
database; UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD
members, UNSD-OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing System); World |
|
|
|
Bank, World Development Indicators;
WIPO, Industrial Property Statistics; WTO and national statistics. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|